Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) involves implanting a small device that delivers mild electrical pulses directly to a specific peripheral nerve to help manage chronic pain. The stimulator is placed under the skin near the targeted nerve, with thin leads delivering gentle stimulation to interrupt pain signals.

PNS is typically done after a successful trial period and can offer long-term relief for certain types of nerve-related pain.

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Trial

Before permanent implantation, patients undergo a trial phase in which temporary leads are placed near the targeted peripheral nerve, and an external stimulator is used to deliver pulses. This minimally invasive procedure is performed under local anesthesia and sedation and the trial period lasts about a week. If the patient experiences significant pain relief during the trial, they may proceed with permanent implantation.

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Implantation

After a successful trial period, the next step is permanent implantation. During this outpatient procedure, a small pulse generator is placed under the skin, and thin leads are positioned near the targeted nerve to deliver continuous, gentle stimulation. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia with sedation and is minimally invasive.

After implantation, patients can use a remote to adjust the stimulation settings for personalized pain relief.

How does peripheral nerve stimulation work?

PNS works by sending mild electrical signals to a specific nerve that is causing pain. These signals interrupt the nerve's ability to send pain messages to the brain, replacing that sensation with a light tingling or tapping feeling. This helps reduce or even eliminate chronic pain in targeted areas of the body.

What conditions does peripheral nerve stimulation treat?

Peripheral nerve stimulation is commonly used to treat chronic pain caused by nerve injuries or irritation, including pain after surgery, post-traumatic nerve pain, and certain types of headaches or facial pain. It can also help manage complex regional pain syndrome and pain related to diabetic neuropathy.

What are the benefits of peripheral nerve stimulation?

PNS can significantly reduce chronic pain, improve mobility, and enhance quality of life. For many patients, it helps decrease reliance on pain medications, including opioids, and allows them to return to activities that pain once limited.

What are the side effects of peripheral nerve stimulation?

Most patients tolerate peripheral nerve stimulation well, but side effects include temporary soreness at the implant site, mild swelling, or skin irritation. In rare cases, lead displacement, infection, or changes in stimulation that require adjustment or revision may occur.

Do I hear or feel the system inside me?

You will not hear the system inside your body. Some patients may feel a small, smooth bump under the skin where the device is placed, but it is generally not visible under clothing. During stimulation, you may feel a light tingling or tapping sensation, which is part of the therapy.

Will I be able to control the stimulator?

Yes. You will have a small, easy-to-use remote control that allows you to adjust the stimulation intensity, turn the device on or off, and choose between preset programs tailored to your needs.

Who is a candidate for peripheral nerve stimulation?

PNS is typically considered for patients with chronic nerve pain that has not responded to other treatments, including medications, injections, or physical therapy. Ideal candidates have a clear area of nerve-related pain that can be targeted and have had success with a temporary trial period.

Who should not have the procedure?

Patients with active infections, certain bleeding disorders, or those on blood thinners without medical clearance may not be good candidates for PNS. Patients must also be in generally good health and able to follow post-procedure care instructions.

Is the peripheral nerve stimulation procedure painful?

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia with sedation, so patients are typically comfortable and do not feel pain during placement. Afterward, some soreness or mild discomfort around the implant site is normal and can be managed with medication and rest.

How soon can I return to normal activities after PNS?

Most patients can resume light activities within a few days after the procedure. However, to allow for proper healing, strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and twisting movements should be avoided for about four to six weeks or as advised by your doctor.